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History of QEMSCAN, MLA and Automated Mineralogy

The development and evolution of the QEMSCAN and MLA technology has a history dating back to the 1970s. The first use of the term automated mineralogy in a technical journal can be traced back to the seminal papers by Sutherland et al., (1988) and Sutherland and Gottlieb (1991), who first used it to describe what the QEM*SEM® technology performed - the world’s first fully commercial automated scanning electron microscope developed by CSIRO in Australia. The term gained significant popularity after it was used to name a new international conference, co-organized by Minerals Engineering International (MEI) and Intellection Pty Ltd, in July 2006. In recent times, terms such as Quantitative Mineralogy, and Automated Mineralogy & Petrology, have been used synonymously with Automated Mineralogy, especially in the context of oil and gas, and other geoscience applications.
1970 Csiro

CSIRO devise a way to automatically use EDS X-ray technology and a Scanning Electron Microscope to accurately image and identify minerals in ore samples.

The technology becomes patented and is known as QEM*SEM (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy).

1970 Dr. Alan Reid
Dr. Alan Reid

1970 QEMSCAN Analog Prototype
QEMSCAN Analog Prototype

New digital hardware and improved software developed by CSIRO allows for automated analysis of multiple samples, and the creation of particle images from which mineralogy, texture and metallurgical parameters can be extracted and quantified.

First commercial sale of a QEM*SEM to a mining house (JCI, Anglo American), South Africa.

1990 QEMSCAN Digital Prototype
QEMSCAN Digital Prototype

Light element x-ray detectors are introduced leading to improved mineral identification.

1990 QEMSCAN Production Model
QEMSCAN Production Model

New generation of QEM*SEM developed – QEMSCAN – and first sales go to Rio Tinto, Goldfields, Falconbridge and Mintek.

1990 First LEO QEMSCAN

JKMRC, University of Queensland, develop a new image analysis system, the Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA), based on a Philips Electron Optics SEM platform.

2000

2003 MLA Anglo
MLA opening

First commercial sale of a MLA to Anglo Platinum.

2001

2001 MLA Opening

JKMRC begin offering a commercial MLA analysis bureau.

CSIRO announces intention to commercialize QEMSCAN.

2002

2002 QEMSCAN Team
Paul Gottlieb and the QEMSCAN team

Third generation QEMSCAN installed at Phelps Dodge in Arizona – the first direct use in copper operations

2003

 Intellection, a CSIRO spin-off company, is founded to develop, market and sell QEMSCAN technology solutions.

25th sale of QEMSCAN sold to Anglo Platinum – their 5th system.

2004

 QEMSCAN’s iExplorer v1 released – need logos of software products.

Camborne School of Mines becomes first University to invest in a QEMSCAN.

New QEM*SEM hardware released.

2005

2005 First MLA in China

First MLA installed in China - Jinchuan.

First QEMSCAN installed at a mine site in South America – Cerro Verde, Peru.

2005 Jinchuan

2007 Geoff Gault and Dirk van Der Wal

JKTech (commercial arm of JKMRC) and FEI form a strategic alliance to develop, market and sell MLA.

2006

2006 Dr. Ying Gu
Dr. Ying Gu

First international meeting to focus on automated mineralogy technologies and applications is held in Brisbane -Automated Mineralogy ‘06, co-organized by MEI and Intellection.

LN2-free EDS detectors are introduced on QEMSCAN and MLA systems.

MLA celebrates 10 years of development

SGS and Intellection form a strategic Global Alliance, and Intellection sells its mining bureau business interests to SGS.

2007

 200th iDiscover license sold.

JKTech form a joint venture company, ALS Mineralogy, to provide global MLA analytical service.

ConocoPhillips purchase an MLA.

2008

 Fugro Robertson become the first oil & gas service company to offer in-house QEMSCAN analysis.  

 Colorado School of Mines’ Advanced Mineralogy Research Centre (AMRC) opens.

First sale of a MLA 600F to Anglo Platinum – their 14th MLA installation.

2009

FEI logo-313

FEI announces acquisition of selected assets from Intellection, including the QEMSCAN technology.

In total, more than 150 QEMSCAN and MLA systems sold worldwide, splitting the market around 50:50 in terms of market share.

MLA Logo

FEI announces acquisition of the JKTech MLA business.

2010

Quanta 650F 120
Quanta 650F

QEMSCAN becomes operational on multiple FEI platforms - Quanta 650 and Quanta 650F.

MLA v3 is released.

iDiscover v5 is released.